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Study materialThe Constituent Assembly: Drafting the Indian Constitution, B.R. Ambedkar and Key DebatesThe Constituent Assembly of India, established in 1946, was responsible for drafting the Indian Constitution, with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as its principal architect, and it engaged in significant debates on rights, representation, and the structure of governance. Current affairsIndia's Critical Minerals Stockpiling Policy: Government to Announce Strategic Reserve Framework by November 2026India's Mines Secretary announced on 9 October 2026 that the government will roll out a critical minerals stockpiling policy within a month, covering 30+ minerals vital to defence, energy, pharma, and telecom sectors. The policy will specify release protocols, quantities, and eligible recipients, and will be complemented by four dedicated critical minerals processing parks (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha) and a ₹1,500 crore recycling boost — part of India's strategy to reduce import dependence and secure supply chains. Current affairsNobel Prize in Chemistry 2026: Henri B. Kagan and Kenso Soai Awarded for Chirality and Asymmetric AutocatalysisThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2026 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to French chemist Henri B. Kagan and Japanese chemist Kenso Soai "for the discovery of non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis." Their work solved a century-old mystery of molecular handedness (chirality), transforming pharmaceutical manufacturing and offering clues to the origin of life's chemical asymmetry. Current affairsNobel Prize in Physics 2026: Francis Halzen Awarded for IceCube Neutrino Observatory and Discovery of High-Energy Astrophysical NeutrinosBelgian-American physicist Francis Halzen of the University of Wisconsin–Madison has been awarded the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics for his decisive contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole and the landmark discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin — opening a new era of multi-messenger astronomy and deepening humanity's understanding of the high-energy universe. Current affairsIndia Mobile Congress 2026: 10th Edition Begins at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi — Theme 'Scale Without Boundaries', Focus on 6G, AI and SemiconductorsThe 10th edition of India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026, Asia's largest digital technology forum, opened on October 7 at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi, under the theme 'Scale Without Boundaries'. Organised by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), the four-day event spotlights 6G, AI-native networks, semiconductors, quantum communications, and satellite connectivity — with Prime Minister Narendra Modi set to inaugurate on October 8. Current affairs2026 DRC Ebola Outbreak: WHO Declares PHEIC as Bundibugyo Virus Claims 4,000+ Lives in Central AfricaThe Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is battling the deadliest Ebola epidemic in history caused by the Bundibugyo ebolavirus strain. With over 8,245 confirmed cases and 4,020 deaths (48.4% fatality rate) as of late September 2026, the WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on May 16, 2026 — the first PHEIC for Ebola since 2019. Current affairsSEBI Board Approves PMS Overhaul, New Settlement Regulations and Expanded FPI Access to Commodity DerivativesThe Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Board, at its meeting in September 2026, approved sweeping reforms to Portfolio Management Services (PMS) regulations, overhauled settlement proceedings, and expanded Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI) access to commodity derivatives — marking one of the most wide-ranging regulatory updates by India's capital markets regulator in recent years. Current affairsRishikesh-Karnaprayag Rail Project: 41st Tunnel Breakthrough — Escape Tunnel-1 Completes 10.847 kmRail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL) completed the 41st tunnel breakthrough on the Rishikesh–Karnaprayag New Broad Gauge Rail Line Project with the final breakthrough of Escape Tunnel-1 — 10.847 km long and the second-longest tunnel in the project — marking a major step toward completing India's most tunnelled railway project in the Himalayas. Current affairsMoSPI Revises GDP Base Year to 2022-23: PPI Replaces WPI, Double Deflation Adopted — What Changes and Why It MattersThe Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has released the National Accounts Statistics (NAS) 2026 with a revised base year of 2022-23, replacing the earlier 2011-12 series. The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) has been replaced by the Producer Price Index (PPI) for GDP deflation, and India has adopted the Double Deflation Method — aligning with IMF standards and providing a more accurate picture of sectoral value addition in the economy.