Article 231
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Study materialRise of Nazism in GermanyThe rise of Nazism in Germany transformed the Weimar Republic into a totalitarian state under Adolf Hitler and the NSDAP, fueled by economic despair, antisemitism, and hypernationalism between 1919 and 1933. Current affairsAll 25 High Courts Get Permanent Chief Justices: Centre Notifies Eight Appointments — Collegium System, Article 217, and Judicial PendencyThe Ministry of Law and Justice on September 5, 2026, notified the appointments of eight High Court judges as Chief Justices across eight High Courts. Following these appointments, all 25 High Courts in India now function with permanent Chief Justices for the first time — a milestone reflecting both the Supreme Court Collegium's functioning and efforts to address the judiciary's leadership deficit amid India's record case pendency crisis.