Article 44
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Study materialThe Constituent Assembly: Drafting the Indian Constitution, B.R. Ambedkar and Key DebatesThe Constituent Assembly of India, established in 1946, was responsible for drafting the Indian Constitution, with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as its principal architect, and it engaged in significant debates on rights, representation, and the structure of governance. Current affairsSupreme Court Directs States to Raise District Judges' Retirement Age: Pendency Crisis, Constitutional Framework, and Judicial ReformA Supreme Court bench led by Chief Justice Surya Kant directed all States and Union Territories on September 1, 2026, to consider raising the retirement age of district judiciary judicial officers from 60 to 61/62 years, in the long-pending case All India Judges Association v. Union of India (W.P.(C) No. 1022/1989). The direction is driven by over 5.18 crore pending cases in district courts and 1,744 vacancies, and is contested by 10 States citing financial constraints. Current affairs18th BRICS Summit 2026, New Delhi: India's Chairship, Theme, Agenda and What to Expect on September 12–13India hosts the 18th BRICS Summit on September 12–13, 2026, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi — India's fourth BRICS chairship. The theme is "Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability." Over 350 BRICS meetings were held across 25+ cities under India's 2026 presidency. The expanded BRICS+ grouping now includes nine members, making this summit the largest in the bloc's history.
In previous-year questions
- Which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) in the Constitution of India directs the State to endeavour to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife?UPSC · Current Affairs
- The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) proposed red hexagonal front-of-pack warning labels in August 2026. Which Article of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) most directly mandates the State to raise the level of nutrition and improve public health — forming the constitutional foundation for food safety regulation?UPSC · Current Affairs
- Which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) mandates the State to ensure that the legal system promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity and provides free legal aid?UPSC · Current Affairs
- Which Article of the Indian Constitution contains the Directive Principle on promotion of international peace and security and maintenance of just and honourable relations between nations — the constitutional basis for India's active multilateral engagement through forums like BRICS?UPSC · Current Affairs