Article 46
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Study materialB.R. Ambedkar: Dalit Movement and Constitutional VisionB.R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, a pioneering leader of Dalit rights who challenged caste discrimination through education, political mobilisation, and law, and whose conversion to Buddhism in 1956 sparked a mass movement among untouchable communities. Current affairsFrontier Nagaland Territorial Authority (FNTA) Act 2026: Presidential Assent and Autonomy for Six Eastern Nagaland DistrictsPresident Droupadi Murmu gave her assent to the Frontier Nagaland Territorial Authority (FNTA) Bill 2026, which was unanimously passed by the Nagaland Legislative Assembly on September 3, 2026. The Act creates a 62-member autonomous authority with powers over 46 subjects for six underserved eastern Nagaland districts, addressing a longstanding demand of the Eastern Nagaland People's Organisation (ENPO). Current affairsFarmer ID Scheme: India Creates 11 Crore Digital Farmer IDs Ahead of ScheduleIndia achieved its target of creating 11 crore (110 million) Farmer IDs on 23 October 2026 — five months ahead of the 31 March 2027 deadline — under the Digital Agriculture Mission. The Farmer ID functions as an Aadhaar-linked unique digital identity for farmers, dynamically linked to state land records and crop data, enabling seamless access to government schemes, credit, insurance, and disaster relief. Current affairsPM-AJAY Scheme: 18,093 Villages Declared Adarsh Grams, Rs 1,730 Crore Released for SC DevelopmentThe Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has declared 18,093 villages as Adarsh Grams under the Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY) — a 100% centrally sponsored scheme launched in FY 2021-22 to uplift Scheduled Caste-dominated villages. Separately, Rs 1,730 crore has been released to states under the scheme's Grants-in-Aid component to skill over 2.5 lakh SC beneficiaries. The scheme merges three earlier SC welfare schemes into a unified framework. Current affairsNSAP Renamed Pradhan Mantri Samajik Sahayata Yojana: Cabinet Approves ₹53,428 Crore Social Assistance Extension for 2026–31The Union Cabinet on 14 October 2026 approved the continuation of the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) under the new name Pradhan Mantri Samajik Sahayata Yojana (PMSSY) with a ₹53,428 crore outlay for five years (FY2026–27 to FY2030–31). All four Indira Gandhi-branded sub-schemes were renamed with Pradhan Mantri prefix, and the disability pension eligibility threshold was reduced from 80% to 40%, extending coverage to approximately 3.20 crore beneficiaries across all states and UTs. Current affairsLakshadweep Becomes India's First 100% Literate Union Territory Under ULLAS SchemeLakshadweep was declared India's first 100% literate Union Territory on October 11, 2026, under the ULLAS (Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society) — Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram. All 1,113 identified adult non-literates in the island territory passed the Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Assessment Test (FLNAT), completing a landmark in India's adult education mission aligned with the National Education Policy 2020. Current affairsDDU-GKY 2.0: 70,000 Rural Youth Begin Skill Training Across 24 States/UTs in October 2026Approximately 70,000 rural youth across 2,015 training batches in 24 states and Union Territories began skill training under DDU-GKY 2.0 (Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana 2.0) in October 2026. The revamped scheme, running for 2026–28, targets over 9 lakh rural youth across 31 states/UTs in NSQF-aligned, placement-linked training programmes run in Public-Private Partnership mode. Current affairsWorld Teachers' Day 2026 (October 5): Theme "Standing with Teachers — 60 Years of the 1966 ILO/UNESCO Recommendation"World Teachers' Day is observed on October 5 every year under the auspices of UNESCO. The 2026 theme is "Standing with teachers: 60 years of protecting the profession, advancing its status and shaping our futures" — marking the 60th anniversary of the 1966 ILO/UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers. The day is co-organised by UNESCO, ILO, UNICEF, and Education International, with the global celebration held at UNESCO Headquarters, Paris. Current affairsGandhi Jayanti 2026: 157th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi and International Day of Non-ViolenceOctober 2, 2026 marks the 157th birth anniversary of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi — Mahatma Gandhi — the father of the Indian nation. It is also the birth anniversary of India's second Prime Minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri. The United Nations observes October 2 as the International Day of Non-Violence, established by UNGA Resolution A/RES/61/271 in 2007, to disseminate the message of non-violence and promote peace, tolerance, and understanding. Current affairs40th Anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development: UN High-Level Meeting at UNGA 81, September 23, 2026A UN High-Level Meeting to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development was held on September 23, 2026, at UN Headquarters, New York, authorised by UNGA Resolutions 79/170 and 80/207. The Declaration — adopted on December 4, 1986, under UNGA Resolution 41/128 — proclaims development as an inalienable human right. Not a single SDG indicator aligned with the Declaration's vision is on track globally, highlighting persistent implementation gaps four decades on. Current affairsIIT Bombay, Sahil Wakode, and the SC/ST Act: Caste Discrimination in Higher Education, Dean Suspended, Crime Branch ProbeSahil Ravindra Wakode, a 22-year-old second-year B.Tech student at IIT Bombay from Yavatmal, Maharashtra, was found dead in his hostel room on 18 September 2026 following allegations of caste-based harassment. IIT Bombay on 21 September suspended the deanship of Prof. Suryanarayana Doolla (Dean of Administrative Affairs). Mumbai Crime Branch registered an FIR under Section 108 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (abetment of suicide) and the SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989. The case raises urgent questions about caste discrimination in premier educational institutions. Current affairsPMAY-U 2.0: Original Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Urban Concludes September 2026, Successor Targets 1 Crore More FamiliesAs the original Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) concludes in September 2026 after completing approximately 1 crore houses in over 11 years, its successor — PMAY-U 2.0, approved by the Union Cabinet on August 9, 2024 — is now in full implementation. The new phase targets 1 crore additional urban families with a total investment of ₹10 lakh crore over five years, prioritising women's homeownership and affordable rental housing. Current affairsNational Teachers' Day 2026: President Murmu Honours 48 Teachers; SRCC Centenary and the Legacy of Dr. Sarvepalli RadhakrishnanSeptember 5, 2026 marks the 138th birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, celebrated as National Teachers' Day across India. President Droupadi Murmu conferred National Teachers' Awards on 48 outstanding school teachers at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Prime Minister Modi also addressed students at Shri Ram College of Commerce (SRCC), which is celebrating its centenary year (est. 1926).
In previous-year questions
- India's handloom sector employs over 35.22 lakh weavers and allied workers, more than 72% of whom are women. Which Article of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) mandates the State to secure a living wage and decent working conditions for all workers, including cottage industry workers?UPSC · Current Affairs
- Which Constitutional Article, inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, guarantees the Right to Free and Compulsory Education for children between the ages of 6 and 14 years?UPSC · Current Affairs
- As per the AISHE 2023-24 report, India has 17.32 lakh teachers in higher education institutions. Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides for a Directive Principle specifically promoting the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other weaker sections?UPSC · Current Affairs
- Which Directive Principle of State Policy in the Indian Constitution is cited as the primary constitutional basis for India's advocacy of the Right to Development in international forums, as it mandates the State to promote international peace, foster respect for international law, and encourage settlement of disputes by arbitration?UPSC · Current Affairs
- Which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution specifically directs the State to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and take steps to preserve and improve breeds?UPSC · Current Affairs
- Which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution directs the State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of weaker sections including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes?UPSC · Current Affairs
- Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy under the Indian Constitution is most directly relevant to the goal of universal adult literacy achieved by Lakshadweep under ULLAS?UPSC · Current Affairs
- India's PLFS September 2026 data shows the overall unemployment rate at 5.0% with male unemployment at 4.9% and female unemployment at 5.2%. Which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) under the Indian Constitution specifically directs the State to secure the right to work and make provisions for unemployment assistance?UPSC · Current Affairs
- Which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution specifically directs the state to promote the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes?UPSC · Current Affairs