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Current affairsUNGA Declares November 27 as International Day Against Child, Early and Forced Marriage: India's Role, Legal Framework, and SDG 5.3The 193-member United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted by consensus on September 4–5, 2026, a landmark resolution designating November 27 every year as the International Day for the Elimination of Child, Early and Forced Marriage. India co-sponsored the resolution, which carries special national significance — November 27, 2024 was the launch date of India's 'Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat' campaign. Current affairsMahatma Ayyankali's 163rd Birth Anniversary: The Social Revolutionary Who Gave Kerala's Dalits the Right to Walk on Public RoadsAugust 28, 2026 marks the 163rd birth anniversary of Mahatma Ayyankali (1863–1941), the pioneering social reformer and Dalit rights leader from Travancore (present-day Kerala) who led mass campaigns for freedom of movement on public roads, access to education for Dalit children, and labour rights for agricultural workers — transforming Kerala's caste-ridden social landscape. Current affairsEl Niño 2026-27: NOAA Forecasts 69% Probability of Record-Breaking Intensity — India's Monsoon, Food Security, and Climate RisksNOAA's Climate Prediction Center has assessed a 69% probability that the 2026-27 El Niño will become the strongest on record (instrumental records date from 1950), with multi-model forecasts projecting a peak Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature anomaly of +3.6°C — surpassing the 2015-16 record of +2.75°C. The event is still intensifying with peak expected in November–December 2026, and poses significant risks to India's monsoon, kharif harvest, and global food security. Current affairsNBSS&LUP Releases India's First Digital Soil Texture Map at 1-Hectare Resolution: Precision Agriculture Gets a FoundationThe National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP), an ICAR institute headquartered in Nagpur, released India's first digital soil texture map at 1-hectare resolution on 16 July 2026 — coinciding with NBSS&LUP's 50th Foundation Day and ICAR's 97th Foundation Day. The map, available on the Bhoomi Geoportal, uses AI-based analysis of field studies, remote sensing, and satellite imagery to enable farm-level soil characterisation — a critical input for precision agriculture, irrigation planning, and crop-suitability assessment across India. Current affairsSupreme Court Reduces Judicial Service Practice Requirement to 1 Year: Bhumika Trust Case 2026 — Complete UPSC GuideIn Bhumika Trust v. Union of India (August 21, 2026), a three-judge Supreme Court bench led by Chief Justice Surya Kant reduced the mandatory law practice requirement for Civil Judge (Junior Division) recruitment from three years to one year, introduced a transitional waiver for notifications issued up to March 31, 2027, and mandated structured Academy training plus a two-year clerkship for all fresh appointees. Current affairsCensus 2027: 40 Questions, First Caste Count Since 1931, and NPR Link — Complete UPSC GuideIndia's 16th Census, scheduled for 2027, was formally notified by Registrar General Mritunjay Kumar Narayan. Its questionnaire carries 40 questions — 14 new or modified from 2011 — including individual caste (jati) enumeration for the first time since 1931, linkage to Aadhaar and NPR, and a first-ever self-enumeration portal in 16 languages. The House Listing phase began April 1, 2026; Population Enumeration is slated for February 2027. Current affairsSupreme Court Directs Election Commission to Curb Electoral Black Money: Seizure Reporting, Time-Bound Investigation, and Compliance DeadlineThe Supreme Court of India, in a bench led by Justices Sanjay Karol and N.K. Singh, issued comprehensive directions on August 17, 2026 to curb the use of black money in elections — mandating 24-hour seizure reporting, one-year investigation timelines, and a compliance report from the Election Commission of India by November 18, 2026. Current affairsNITI Aayog Report on Professional Services 2026: Regulatory Reforms for Law, Medicine, Accounting, Architecture and EngineeringNITI Aayog released a report titled "India's Services Sector: Insights on Regulatory Regime in Professional Services" in August 2026, recommending a four-pronged reform roadmap — regulatory harmonisation, international mutual recognition agreements, technology adoption, and upskilling — to transform India's legal, accounting, architectural, engineering, and healthcare professional services and boost their global competitiveness.