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National Quantum Mission (NQM): IIT Bombay Facilities Inaugurated — India's ₹6,003 Crore Quantum Leap

Why in news

Fabrication and central research facilities under the National Quantum Mission (NQM) were inaugurated at IIT Bombay in September 2026, marking a key milestone in India's ₹6,003.65 crore quantum technology programme (2023–2031). NQM aims to develop quantum computers with 50–1,000 physical qubits by 2031, making India one of only six countries with a dedicated national quantum mission.

At a glance

Why in News

NQM fabrication and research facilities inaugurated at IIT Bombay (Quantum Computing T-Hub) in Sept 2026 — a key milestone in India’s ₹6,003.65 crore, 8-year quantum programme.

NQM at a Glance

Approved: April 2023 · Outlay: ₹6,003.65 crore (2023–2031) · Nodal: DST · Target: 50–1,000 physical qubits by 2031 · 4 Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs).

Four T-Hubs

Quantum Computing: IIT Bombay · Quantum Communication: IISc Bangalore · Quantum Sensing: IIT Madras/NPL · Quantum Materials: IIT Delhi/TIFR.

Strategic Significance

One of only 6 countries with a national quantum mission. Addresses harvest-now-decrypt-later cybersecurity threat; iCET framework enables US tech access; Quad quantum cooperation.

Timeline

2018
US National Quantum Initiative
World’s first national quantum legislation; triggered global quantum race
2020–21
India announces NM-QTA
Budget 2020–21 proposes ₹8,000 crore for quantum tech (NM-QTA)
April 2023
NQM approved
Union Cabinet approves NQM: ₹6,003.65 crore over 2023–2031; DST nodal agency; 4 T-Hubs
2025
IISc, IIT Madras T-Hubs operational
Quantum communication and sensing hubs become active
Sept 2026
IIT Bombay facilities inaugurated
Quantum Computing T-Hub fabrication cleanroom and dilution refrigerator labs inaugurated

Why in News

Fabrication and central research facilities under India's National Quantum Mission (NQM) were inaugurated at IIT Bombay in September 2026. The inauguration marks a significant milestone in India's ambitious quantum technology programme — a ₹6,003.65 crore mission approved by the Union Cabinet in April 2023 to be implemented over 2023–2031. The IIT Bombay hub is one of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) designated under NQM for quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum sensing and metrology, and quantum materials and devices. India is now one of only six countries in the world with a dedicated national quantum mission.

Constitutional provisions

Article 51A(h) — Fundamental Duty

Every citizen has a duty to develop scientific temper, humanism, and spirit of inquiry — public mandate for science investment like NQM.

Entry 63, List I (Union List)

Institutions of national importance declared by Parliament — IITs are such institutions under the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961; their NQM T-Hubs are constitutionally anchored.

Relevant Acts & Judgments

Acts
Institutes of Technology Act, 1961
Establishes IITs as institutions of national importance; gives IIT Bombay autonomy to host and operate the NQM Quantum Computing T-Hub.
Science and Technology Policy 2020 (STIP 2020)
India’s overarching S&T policy; NQM is a flagship delivery mechanism targeting top-5 global S&T ranking by 2030.
Information Technology Act, 2000
Governs India’s cybersecurity framework; quantum-safe cryptography developed under NQM will strengthen CII protection under the IT Act.
Key distinction: Do not confuse NQM (National Quantum Mission — hardware/infrastructure/research, DST) with NM-QTA (National Mission on Quantum Technologies and Applications — the earlier Budget 2020–21 proposal that was subsumed into NQM). Also, quantum computing (computation using qubits) is distinct from quantum communication (using entanglement for secure key distribution — QKD) and quantum sensing (using quantum states to measure physical quantities with ultra-high precision) — NQM covers all three.
GS-IIIScience and TechnologyNational Quantum MissionNQMQuantum ComputingQubitsIIT BombayDSTCybersecurityQuantum CryptographyEmerging Technologies

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National Quantum Mission NQM IIT Bombay 2026 — UPSC Current Affairs | UPSC.wiki