Post-Independence Consolidation
11 study notes for Post-Independence Consolidation, mapped to the official UPSC syllabus.
Study notes
Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 1: Introduction: Gandhi's Entry into Indian PoliticsPart 1: Gandhi's return to India (January 1915); BHU speech (1916); Champaran Satyagraha (1917) — tinkathia system abolished; Ahmedabad mill strike (1918) — first fast unto death; Kheda no-tax campaign (1918) — Patel emerges.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 11: GlossaryPart 11: 12-term glossary — Satyagraha, Ahimsa, Swaraj, Khilafat Movement, Tinkathia System, Chauri Chaura, Purna Swaraj, Rowlatt Act, Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Poona Pact, Cabinet Mission Plan, INA.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 12: FAQPart 12: FAQ — salt symbolism in CDM; Chauri Chaura withdrawal; Poona Pact 1932; Quit India causes and outcomes; Gandhi vs Bhagat Singh vs Bose on methods. With FAQPage + BreadcrumbList schema.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 9: 10. Other Strands of the National MovementPart 9: Other strands — Bhagat Singh/HSRA (bombs CLA 8 Apr 1929, hanged 23 Mar 1931); Bose/INA (Tripuri 1939, Forward Bloc, Imphal-Kohima 1944, INA trials 1945-46); women (Sarojini Naidu, Aruna Asaf Ali, Usha Mehta); the Left (CPI, Congress Socialists).Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 8: 8. Gandhi's Philosophy: Satyagraha, Non-Violence, SwarajPart 8: Gandhi's philosophy — Satyagraha (truth-force, South Africa), Ahimsa (non-violence as moral imperative), Swaraj (self-rule, individual + political); legacy — influenced MLK Jr., Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi; UN Int'l Day of Non-Violence 2 Oct.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 7: 7. The Road to IndependencePart 7: Cabinet Mission Plan 1946 (three-tier federation); Direct Action Day 16 Aug 1946; Mountbatten Plan Jun 1947; Indian Independence Act 15 Aug 1947; Partition (10-15 million displaced); Gandhi assassinated 30 Jan 1948.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 5: 5. Constitutional Developments (1935 Act)Part 5: Round Table Conferences (1930-32); Poona Pact 24 Sep 1932 (71→148 reserved seats, Gandhi-Ambedkar); GoI Act 1935 (provincial autonomy); Congress wins 8/11 provinces 1937; Congress resignations Oct 1939.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 6: 6. The Quit India Movement (1942)Part 6: Quit India Movement 1942 — Cripps Mission fails; 8 Aug AICC "Do or Die"; 9 Aug mass arrests; parallel govts in Satara (Prati Sarkar) and Midnapore; 91,836 arrests, 1,060 killed; suppressed by 1943.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 4: 4. The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934)Part 4: Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34) — Salt March 12 Mar 1930 (385 km, Dandi 6 Apr), 92,214 jail-goers; Gandhi-Irwin Pact Mar 1931; women's mass participation; British cloth imports halved.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 2: 2. The Rowlatt Act (1919) and the Jallianwala Bagh MassacrePart 2: Rowlatt Act (1919) — detention without trial, no right of appeal; Rowlatt Hartal (6 April 1919); Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 April 1919) — Brig. Gen. Dyer, 379 killed (official); Hunter Commission; Gandhi becomes national leader.Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 3: 3. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)Part 3: Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) — Khilafat link, programme (boycott of schools/courts/cloth), 396 strikes 600,000 workers; Chauri Chaura (Feb 1922) — 22 policemen killed, Gandhi withdraws; significance — first mass movement since 1857.