Cabinet Mission
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Study materialIndian National Army: Subhas Chandra Bose and Azad HindSubhas Chandra Bose (1897–1945) founded the Azad Hind Government (1943) in Singapore and led the Indian National Army — an armed force of 43,000 Indian POWs and civilians — in the 1944 Imphal-Kohima campaign to liberate India through Japan-allied armed struggle, challenging the Gandhian path of non-violence. Study materialPartition of India 1947: Mountbatten Plan and Two-Nation TheoryThe Partition of India (August 1947) divided British India into the independent nations of India and Pakistan based on the Mountbatten Plan, driven by the two-nation theory of Jinnah's Muslim League, resulting in one of history's largest forced migrations and communal violence that killed between 200,000 and 2 million people. Study materialPartition of India 1947: Causes, Violence and LegacyThe Partition of India (August 1947) simultaneously ended British colonial rule and divided the subcontinent into India and Pakistan, triggering one of the largest forced migrations in history with 10–15 million displaced and over a million killed in communal violence. Study materialMahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 11: GlossaryPart 11: 12-term glossary — Satyagraha, Ahimsa, Swaraj, Khilafat Movement, Tinkathia System, Chauri Chaura, Purna Swaraj, Rowlatt Act, Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Poona Pact, Cabinet Mission Plan, INA. Study materialMahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 7: 7. The Road to IndependencePart 7: Cabinet Mission Plan 1946 (three-tier federation); Direct Action Day 16 Aug 1946; Mountbatten Plan Jun 1947; Indian Independence Act 15 Aug 1947; Partition (10-15 million displaced); Gandhi assassinated 30 Jan 1948. Study materialConstituent Assembly of IndiaThe Constituent Assembly of India, convened in 1946, was responsible for drafting the Constitution, marking a significant moment of Indian self-determination and democratic governance. Study materialPartition of India — Causes and ConsequencesThe Partition of India in 1947 was driven by British colonial policies, political failures, and communal tensions, resulting in significant human displacement and violence, as well as long-term geopolitical consequences. Study materialPartition and Independence of India 1947: Mountbatten Plan, Radcliffe Line and the Two-Nation TheoryThe Partition of India in 1947, driven by the two-nation theory and the Mountbatten Plan, resulted in the violent division of British India into India and Pakistan, leading to massive displacement and communal violence. Study materialCripps Mission 1942, Wavell Plan and Cabinet Mission 1946: Constitutional Negotiations and the Road to IndependenceThe Cripps Mission (1942), Wavell Plan (1945), and Cabinet Mission (1946) were key British efforts to negotiate India's constitutional future during World War II, ultimately leading to the subcontinent's partition and independence. Study materialMahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement (1919–1947) — Part 10: 11. UPSC Relevance and PYQ ExamplesPart 10: UPSC relevance — chronology table (1915-1948), PYQs (NCM, CDM, Quit India, women, Poona Pact, Cabinet Mission); one-page revision summary (3 movements table, key pacts, key numbers). Current affairsPartition Horrors Remembrance Day 2026: Vibhajan Vibhishika Smriti Diwas on August 14India observes Partition Horrors Remembrance Day — Vibhajan Vibhishika Smriti Diwas — on August 14 each year, as announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 14 August 2021. The day commemorates the 10–20 million displaced and up to 2 million killed during the 1947 Partition of British India, while promoting social harmony and unity.